Now that the draft is over and mini-camps have started around the league, the next onslaught of information coming your way will be the never-ending stream of “NFL Power Rankings”.
In some ways, PossessionPoints.com is no different than other information outlets in that we will be presenting our own version of Power Rankings weekly during the season. However, that is where the similarity ends.
We believe that when people look at the lists of Power Rankings they want to see how their favorite team fares in the eyes of those who construct these Power Rankings and if their team has a chance of making it to the playoffs or the Super Bowl.
We would like to state right off the bat that a team’s talent is just one of the factors that determines a team’s win-loss record and a possible playoff berth.
In this article, we would like to highlight four factors that contribute to a team’s final win-loss record. Those factors are randomness, schedule, home field advantage and team quality (traditional Power Ranking if you will). We have provided a lot of the background information for this article on a page on our site.
Randomness:
We know that over the course of a season, a team’s final win-loss record is more than random luck. Much of a team’s success does depend on talent. However, imagine if you will, a scenario where all 32 teams are completely equal in the talent department and there is no such thing as a home field advantage. If these conditions existed, what kind of records do you think you would see?
Do you think that almost all teams would have win-loss records between 7-9 and 9-7?
We put together a quick little spreadsheet and used the 2009 schedule to come up with random results for all 256 games on the schedule. We posted some of the “random season” results on our site, and the results surprised us in that typically, the top teams had 12-4 records, and the bottom teams finished around 4-12.
It may seem strange, until you consider the fact that the chance of winning or losing 12 out of 16 coin tosses is about one in 36, and 11 wins or losses of 16 coin tosses is about one in 15. So, applying this same principle with 32 teams each season, it does make sense that just by random chance, some teams would go 12-4, and some would go 4-12.
We always expect extremes to be rare, and the odds of a random 16-0 or 0-16 record are around 1 in 65,000. As we were working with our spreadsheet, we did see this extreme occur, and it happened on our spreadsheet to the NY Jets. We did not purposely focus on the Jets. It could have been any of the teams, and we could have used any season schedule to get similar results.
We will grant you that the football sometimes takes funny bounces, and this can be a factor in some games during the season making luck or chance a legitimate portion in a team’s win-loss record. It is a totally unpredictable factor, and therefore, it cannot be incorporated into analysis and forecasting equations. Since equations are our thing, we do not want to spend that much time talking about randomness, but we also do not want you to dismiss the fact that it can affect a team’s win-loss record..
Schedule:
Take any ranking system. We do not care if it is an expert’s Power Rankings or last year’s win-loss rankings. You can pick whatever. Play these rankings against this year’s schedule, and you may be surprised at what you find.
To illustrate this point, we took a look at some 2009 Power Rankings that have already been published. For what we are doing in this article, it does not matter if you accept this order as realistic or not. In the example, we chose to focus on the 32 teams were ranked:
| 1 | Patriots | 9 | Bears | 17 | Jets | 25 | Chiefs |
| 2 | Steelers | 10 | Dolphins | 18 | Broncos | 26 | Bucs |
| 3 | Giants | 11 | Vikings | 19 | Texans | 27 | Bengals |
| 4 | Panthers | 12 | Eagles | 20 | Saints | 28 | Browns |
| 5 | Colts | 13 | Packers | 21 | Redskins | 29 | Seahawks |
| 6 | Falcons | 14 | Cardinals | 22 | Bills | 30 | Raiders |
| 7 | Ravens | 15 | Chargers | 23 | 49ers | 31 | Rams |
| 8 | Titans | 16 | Cowboys | 24 | Jaguars | 32 | Lions |
We played these rankings against this year’s schedule neglecting home field advantage or any randomness.
In this scenario, if a team plays a higher-ranked team, the lower-ranked team gets the loss while the higher-ranked wins.
When we played these rankings against the 2009 schedule in this manner, it was no surprise that the top nine teams would become playoff teams. However, the No. 10 Dolphins would miss the playoffs with a record of 9-7 while the No. 11 Vikings would also miss the playoffs with a record of 10-6.
The next playoff team this list for the 2009 season would be the No.12 Eagles who play 11 teams that rank lower than the Eagles and only five teams that rank higher. This would give the Eagles an 11-5 record and a wildcard playoff spot.
Based on these rankings and their schedule, the No. 13 Packers, like the Vikings, would also miss the NFC playoffs with a 10-6 record.
The No. 14 Cardinals and No. 15 Chargers would win their divisions and make the playoffs with 9-7 and 10-6 records respectively.
One would like to think that the 12 best teams make the playoffs each year, but that just is not possible with the way the NFL schedule works, even if every team plays perfectly to its capability each week.
Home Field Advantage:
Now, we are going to get a little more complicated (yes, it is true) but stay with us. To be able to work with home field advantage variations, this we had to quantify how much better one team was relative to another. To keep this as simple as possible, we assumed the difference between each team was a constant.
So, the top ranked team was assigned a +8 (just our own statistical yardstick), the second team a +7.5, the third team a +7. Each team was graded 0.5 away from the one next to it, and the value of 0 was skipped so the bottom team had a -8. With this tight a ranking in our system, very small changes in the value of home field make a big difference.
Now, we can start modifying how much home field is worth and observe what happens to win -loss records and playoff scenarios. In the extreme adjustment of home field advantage, all teams would be 8-8, wining all their home games and losing all their road games. This would be boring. Who wants the home team to always win?
Once again, we used the same example rankings. When we made the home field advantage factor worth just one percent, the playoff picture changed very little. The No. 12 Eagles fell into a tie for the final NFC wildcard playoff spot as they saw their record fall to 10-6. However, it was not the No. 11 Vikings with whom they tied. It was the No. 13 Packers.
When we bumped up home field to two percent, the Packers’ record rose to 12-4, and they tied the Bears for the division. The Vikings remained behind them with a record of 10-6. At this level, the Eagles miss the playoffs with a 9-7 record. The Cardinals would still win the NFC west but now with an 11-5 record. The AFC playoff picture would remain unchanged.
At the four percent level, the Bears, Vikings and Packers all make the playoffs with 11-5 records. The Panthers and Falcons would tie for the NFC South title with 10-6 records.
The only point of this little exercise is to illustrate what many people take as a given. Schedule combined with a home field advantage does play a role in a team’s season and win-loss record. Yet, many Power Rankings omit these factors. Even with the constant distribution of team quality that we used, you can see how the value of home field can change win-loss records and the playoff picture.
Team Quality (Traditional Power Ranking):
Most “Power Rankings” authors are trying to enumerate teams in order of quality. In other words, best teams are ranked highest and the not-as-talented teams are ranked at the bottom. The question we always come up with is: How much better is the No. 1 team over the No. 2 team or even the No. 10 team?
An even distribution like we used in the “home field” analysis above is not a very realistic distribution. The top team may be well ahead of the remainder of the league, as it was with the 2007 Patriots, or the top five teams may be very close together like last season was by our measure. The same is true at the bottom. By our measure, the 2008 Lions fell well below the rest of the league.
To illustrate this, we took the same rankings and gave the top 12 teams relative performance grades between 34 and 45 (Again, our statistical yardstick). The bottom 12 teams got values between -34 and -45 while the middle eight teams were given values between 4 and -4.
Of course with no home field advantage, the records are the same as we described in the “schedule” section. We need to vary home field by larger increments now since the separation between the 32 teams is much greater being between 45 and -45 as opposed to 8 and -8 in the example above.
At a four percent adjustment, the Chargers no longer make the playoffs and are replaced by the Broncos who had a “Power Ranking” of 18. The Bears and Vikings make the playoffs while the Packers do not.
At a 15% adjustment, the Chargers are back in with a 9-7 record while the Broncos fall out with an 8-8 record. The Packers move back into contention for a playoff spot as their record equals the Vikings at 11-5. A tie breaker would determine who made the playoffs.
So What?
You are probably thinking, “So what, if you play with numbers enough you can make them say anything you want.” Well, not really, even given their relatively low power ranking of 14 there was virtually nothing we could do to make the Cardinals miss the playoffs. The NFC playoff picture fluctuated much more than the AFC playoff picture did.
Even if an all-knowing supernatural NFL power provided a perfectly ordered list of best to worst teams, the chances that the top 12 teams on this list make the playoffs would be very slim for the reasons we have explained.
A Different List:
As we said at the start of the article, we also publish a list that resembles the “Power Rankings” list. We call it our “Performance Rankings” because it is based on how teams perform in our PossessionPoints stat.
We are not going to explain all that goes into our stat in this article because we would bore you to death, but the end result is a positive or negative number we call the “Relative Performance Measure” or RPM. Our RPM list is just the ranking of teams from the largest RPM to the smallest. But with the RPM, you can see how close one team is to another. In fact, two adjacent teams may either be a fraction or several numbers apart. Typically the 32 teams will be spread over a 90-point or more range.
Below is a Performance Rankings chart. The last column, on the right shows the final RPM from last season (with one exception we will talk about later). It should be no surprise to note that the Steelers are on the top of the RPM list, and the Lions are on the bottom. Where some teams fell in the middle might be a surprise to some fans, but that is where the stat put them.
Some of you might be thinking, “Last year is history, why are you showing this now?”
| Rank | Team | W | L | Relative Performance measure |
| 1 | Steelers | 15 | 1 | 37.66 |
| 2 | Vikings | 14 | 2 | 36.31 |
| 3 | Eagles | 14 | 2 | 35.77 |
| 4 | Ravens | 13 | 3 | 35.66 |
| 5 | Giants | 14 | 2 | 34.15 |
| 6 | Patriots | 16 | 0 | 32.43 |
| 7 | Panthers | 14 | 2 | 29.71 |
| 8 | Packers | 12 | 4 | 26.05 |
| 9 | Chargers | 12 | 4 | 24.94 |
| 10 | Jets | 10 | 6 | 19.24 |
| 11 | Texans | 12 | 4 | 15.72 |
| 12 | Titans | 11 | 5 | 15.54 |
| 13 | Falcons | 8 | 8 | 14.02 |
| 14 | Saints | 8 | 8 | 12.63 |
| 15 | Cowboys | 7 | 9 | 11.85 |
| 16 | Dolphins | 8 | 8 | 11.84 |
| 17 | Cardinals | 11 | 5 | 10.93 |
| 18 | Bucs | 5 | 11 | 5.42 |
| 19 | Jaguars | 7 | 9 | -5.77 |
| 20 | Colts | 6 | 10 | -8.22 |
| 21 | Redskins | 5 | 11 | -9.19 |
| 22 | 49ers | 6 | 10 | -14.59 |
| 23 | Broncos | 6 | 10 | -17.70 |
| 24 | Bills | 2 | 14 | -17.76 |
| 25 | Browns | 5 | 11 | -23.48 |
| 26 | Bears | 6 | 10 | -24.12 |
| 27 | Chiefs | 1 | 15 | -39.24 |
| 28 | Raiders | 2 | 14 | -42.77 |
| 29 | Bengals | 2 | 14 | -44.38 |
| 30 | Rams | 2 | 14 | -46.06 |
| 31 | Seahawks | 2 | 14 | -48.49 |
| 32 | Lions | 0 | 16 | -60.94 |
Well, if you look at the chart and each team’s win-loss record, you will note that these records are not the win-loss records from 2008. What these win-loss columns show is a projection of each team for 2009 if each of the teams played their 2009 schedule at the same RPM level as 2008.
Do Not Panic! This is at best a partial look at what’s ahead. We have not made our modifications for offseason trades and drafts.
The one adjustment we talked about comes into play here. The Panthers’ 2008 RPM was not good. We adjusted them so they would fall with the leaders up at No. 7, within 8 points of the top ranked Steelers. Even with that adjustment, when we played the Panthers revised RPM against their schedule with a four percent home field adjustment, Carolina ends up with a 9-7 record. (Four percent home field adjustment is the best historical adjustment for our RPM).
Conversely, look at the No. 17 Cardinals. They had an RPM of 10.93 (the Super Bowl brought them down some). However, when we play that RPM against their 2009 schedule, we project a 12-4 record.
We could find a lot of interesting facts in this chart, but we are just going to focus on one more. The No. 13 Falcons and the No. 14 Saints are in the same division and had very similar 2008 RPMs of 12 and 14. Yet, if the No. 14 Saints play at the same level of their 2008 RPM in 2009, we project that they would have a 10-6 record while the No.13 Falcons would go to just 8-8.
Our list ranks teams based on how they perform in our stat. History has shown us that this is a pretty good way to look at which teams can ultimately win in the playoffs. Our list would be sorted much differently if we sorted teams just by projected wins.
In a nutshell, we believe that Performance Rankings are more than just opinion-based lists. Factors such as home field advantage and strength of schedule have to come into play as well if fans are going to get a real feel for how their team’s chances at success. This season we will add “Projected Win-Loss Records” to the RPM value when we publish our weekly rankings. This way readers will get a feel for relative quality from the RPM number as well as how it would appear to project to wins and losses.
(For more background on how the RPM shows itself in the Playoffs you may want to read an article we wrote during last year’s playoffs “NFL Playoff Upsets: What Upsets?”)
